Intervals describe the distance (in semitones) between two notes, and are
the fundamental building block that all chords and scales are built on.
Listed below is a reference of the names, example note spans, and audio of
all intervals through two octaves.
Simple Intervals
Base, or building-block, intervals, spanning from unison to octave.
0 semitones
Major/Minor/Perfect
short: P1
Perfect unison
Diminished/Augmented
short: d2
Diminished second
Example Note Span: A - A
1 semitone
Major/Minor/Perfect
short: m2
Minor second
Diminished/Augmented
short: A1
Augmented unison
Example Note Span: A - Bb
2 semitones
Major/Minor/Perfect
short: M2
Major second
Diminished/Augmented
short: d3
Diminished third
Example Note Span: A - B
3 semitones
Major/Minor/Perfect
short: m3
Minor third
Diminished/Augmented
short: A2
Augmented second
Example Note Span: A - C
4 semitones
Major/Minor/Perfect
short: M3
Major third
Diminished/Augmented
short: d4
Diminished fourth
Example Note Span: A - C#
5 semitones
Major/Minor/Perfect
short: P4
Perfect fourth
Diminished/Augmented
short: A3
Augmented third
Example Note Span: A - D
6 semitones
Major/Minor/Perfect
Not applicable
Diminished/Augmented
short: A4, d5
Augmented fourth, Diminished fifth
Example Note Span: A - D#
7 semitones
Major/Minor/Perfect
short: P5
Perfect fifth
Diminished/Augmented
short: d6
Diminished sixth
Example Note Span: A - E
8 semitones
Major/Minor/Perfect
short: m6
Minor sixth
Diminished/Augmented
short: A5
Augmented fifth
Example Note Span: A - F
9 semitones
Major/Minor/Perfect
short: M6
Major sixth
Diminished/Augmented
short: d7
Diminished seventh
Example Note Span: A - F#
10 semitones
Major/Minor/Perfect
short: m7
Minor seventh
Diminished/Augmented
short: A6
Augmented sixth
Example Note Span: A - G
11 semitones
Major/Minor/Perfect
short: M7
Major seventh
Diminished/Augmented
short: d8
Diminished octave
Example Note Span: A - G#
12 semitones
Major/Minor/Perfect
short: P8
Perfect octave
Diminished/Augmented
short: A7, d9
Augmented seventh, Diminished ninth
Example Note Span: A - A
Compound Intervals
Intervals spanning more than an octave. These are constructed by adding
one or more octaves to a simple interval.